NSE7_NST-7.2 Free Study Guide! with New Update 40 Exam Questions
Get up-to-date Real Exam Questions for NSE7_NST-7.2 UPDATED [2024]
Fortinet NSE7_NST-7.2 Exam Syllabus Topics:
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NEW QUESTION # 23
Which three common FortiGate-to-collector-agent connectivity issues can you identifyusing the FSSO real-time debug?(Choose three.)
- A. Refused connection. Potential mismatch of TCP port.
- B. Incompatible collector agent software version.
- C. Log is full on the collector agent.
- D. Mismatched pre-shared password.
- E. Inability to reach IP address of the collector agent.
Answer: A,D,E
Explanation:
* Refused Connection:A refused connection typically indicates a mismatch in the TCP port configuration between the FortiGate and the collector agent. Ensuring both are configured to use the same TCP port is crucial for proper connectivity.
* Mismatched Pre-Shared Password:If the pre-shared password configured on the FortiGate does not match the one set on the collector agent, authentication will fail, leading to connectivity issues.
* Inability to Reach IP Address:This can occur due to network issues such as incorrect routing, firewall rules blocking traffic, or the collector agent being down. Verifying network connectivity and the status of the collector agent is necessary to resolve this issue.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Troubleshooting FSSO Connectivity Issues(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
NEW QUESTION # 24
There are four exchanges during IKEv2 negotiation.
Which sequence is correct?
- A. lnit_Req, Wait_lnit_Req,ID_Auth_Req and Create_CHILD_SA
- B. IKE_Proposal,ID_Auth, PiggyBack_CHILD and Informational
- C. IKE_SAJNIT, IKE_Auth, Create_CHILD_SA and Informational
- D. INIT_Re, INIT_Auth,ID_Child and SET_Nonce
Answer: C
Explanation:
* IKE_SA_INIT:
* This is the first exchange in IKEv2. It establishes a secure, authenticated channel between peers and negotiates cryptographic algorithms and keys.
* IKE_Auth:
* The second exchange authenticates the IKE SA (Security Association) using the previously negotiated keys and algorithms. This exchange also establishes the first IPsec SA.
* Create_CHILD_SA:
* This exchange creates additional IPsec SAs after the initial authentication. It can also be used to rekey existing IPsec SAs to maintain security.
* Informational:
* This is a generic exchange used for various purposes such as error notification, deletion of SAs, and other control messages.
References:
* Fortinet Community: IKEv2 packet exchanges and troubleshooting
* Fortinet Documentation: IPsec VPN Concepts
NEW QUESTION # 25
Consider the scenario where the server name indication (SNI) does not match either the common name (CN) or any of the subject alternative names (SAN) in the server certificate. Which action will FortiGate take when using the default settingsfor SSL certificate inspection?
- A. FortiGate uses the SNI from the user's web browser.
- B. FortiGate uses the 31 information from the Subject field in the server certificate.
- C. FortiGate closes the connection because this represents an invalid SSL/TLS configuration
- D. FortiGate uses the first entry listed in the SAN field in the server certificate.
Answer: C
Explanation:
* SNI and Certificate Mismatch:When the Server Name Indication (SNI) does not match either the Common Name (CN) or any of the Subject Alternative Names (SAN) in the server certificate, FortiGate's default behavior is to consider this as an invalid SSL/TLS configuration.
* Default Action:FortiGate, under default settings for SSL certificate inspection, will close the connection to prevent potential security risks associated with mismatched certificates.
References:
* Fortinet Community: SSL Certificate Inspection Configuration and Behavior(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
NEW QUESTION # 26
Which statement about IKE and IKE NAT-T is true?
- A. IKE is used to encapsulate ESP traffic in some situations, and IKE NAT-T is used only when the local FortiGate is using NAT on the IPsec interface.
- B. They each use their own IP protocol number.
- C. IKE is the standard implementation for IKEv1and IKE NAT-T is an extension added in IKEv2.
- D. They both use UDP as their transport protocol and the port number is configurable.
Answer: D
Explanation:
* IKE (Internet Key Exchange):IKE is a protocol used to set up a security association (SA) in the IPsec protocol suite. It is utilized to negotiate, create, and manage SAs.
* NAT-T (Network Address Translation-Traversal):NAT-T is used to enable IPsec VPN traffic to pass through NAT devices. It encapsulates IPsec ESP packets into UDP packets.
* Transport Protocol:Both IKE and IKE NAT-T use UDP as their transport protocol.
* Port Numbers:By default, IKE uses UDP port 500. NAT-T typically uses UDP port 4500. However, these port numbers can be configured as needed.
References:
* Fortinet Network Security Support Engineer Study Guide for FortiOS 7.2(Fortinet Docs)(ebin.pub).
* Fortinet Documentation on IPsec VPN Configuration(Fortinet Docs).
NEW QUESTION # 27
Refer to the exhibit,which shows the output of a diagnose command
What two conclusions can you draw from the output shown in the exhibit? (Choose two.)
- A. Traffic in the original direction (coming from the IP address 10.171.121.38) will be routed to the next-hop IP address 10.0.1.10.
- B. Traffic in the original direction (coming from the IP address 10.171.121.38) will be routed to the next-hop IP address 10.200.1.1.
- C. This is an expected session created by the IPS engine.
- D. This is a pinhole session created to allow traffic for a protocol that requires additional sessions to operate through FortiGate.
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
* Session Creation:The output shows an expected session, likely due to a pinhole, which is a dynamically created rule to allow specific traffic through the firewall.
* Routing Decision:
* The original direction of traffic comes from the IP address 10.171.121.38.
* The next-hop IP address for this traffic is 10.0.1.10 as indicated by the routing decision in the output.
* Pinhole Session:Pinhole sessions are typically created for protocols that require additional sessions (e.g., FTP, SIP) to function properly. This ensures the necessary traffic can pass through the firewall.
* Debugging Commands:Thediagnose sys session listcommand is used to list session information, which helps in understanding traffic flow and troubleshooting connectivity issues.
References:
* Fortinet Network Security Support Engineer Study Guide for FortiOS 7.2(ebin.pub).
* General IPsec VPN configuration from Fortinet documentation(Fortinet Docs).
NEW QUESTION # 28
Refer to the exhibit. whichcontains the output of diagnose vpn tunnellist.
Which command will capture ESP traffic for the VPN named DialUp_0?
- A. diagnose sniffer packet any 'host10.0.10.10'
- B. diagnose sniffer packet any 'port 4500'
- C. diagnose sniffer packet any 'ip proto 50'
- D. diagnose sniffer packet any 'esp and host 10*200.3.2'
Answer: D
Explanation:
* Capturing ESP Traffic:
* ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) traffic is associated with IPsec and is identified by the protocol number 50. To capture ESP traffic, you need to filter packets based on this protocol.
* In this specific case, you also need to filter for the host associated with the VPN tunnel, which is
10.200.3.2as indicated in the exhibit.
* Sniffer Command:
* The correct command to capture ESP traffic for the VPN namedDialUp_0is:
diagnose sniffer packet any 'espandhost10.200.3.2'
* This command ensures that only ESP packets to and from the specified host are captured, providing a focused and relevant data set for troubleshooting.
References:
* Fortinet Documentation: Verifying IPsec VPN Tunnels(Fortinet Docs)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Community: Troubleshooting IPsec VPN Tunnels(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Fortinet Docs).
NEW QUESTION # 29
Refer to the exhibit, which contains the partial output of a diagnose command.
Based on the output, which two statements are correct? (Choose two.)
- A. DPD is disabled.
- B. The remote gateway has quick more selectors containing a destination subnet of 10.1.2.0/24.
- C. The remote gateway IP is 10.200.5.1.
- D. Anti-replay is enabled.
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
* Remote Gateway IP:
* The output shows10.200.5.1as the remote gateway IP, confirming that this is the IP address of the remote gateway involved in the IPsec VPN tunnel.
* Quick Mode Selectors:
* The quick mode selectors specify the subnets involved in the VPN. The output showssrc:
0:10.1.2.0/255.255.255.0:0anddst: 0:10.1.1.0/255.255.255.0:0, indicating the subnets being tunneled.
* DPD (Dead Peer Detection):
* DPD is shown asmode=on-demand on=1 idle=20000ms retry=3 count=0 seqno=0, indicating that DPD is enabled in on-demand mode.
* Anti-replay:
* The output includesreplaywin=2048andreplaywin_lastseq=00000000, which are indicators that anti-replay protection is enabled for the IPsec tunnel.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* VPN Configuration and Diagnostic Guides
NEW QUESTION # 30
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of getrouterinfo bgp neighbors100.64.2.254.
What can you conclude from the output?
- A. The BGP neighbor is advertising the 10.20.30.40/24 network to the local router.
- B. The BGP state of the two BGP participants is OpenConfirm.
- C. The local router is adverting the 10.20.30.40/24 network to its BGP neighbor.
- D. The router ID of the neighbor is 100.64.2.254.
Answer: C
Explanation:
* BGP Advertisement:The output from the commandget router info bgp neighbors 100.64.2.254 advertised-routesshows the routes that the local router is advertising to its BGP neighbor.
* Output Analysis:
* TheNetworkcolumn lists the networks being advertised.
* TheNext Hopcolumn indicates the next-hop IP address for these routes.
* The line*> 10.20.30.40/24 100.64.2.1indicates that the 10.20.30.40/24 network is being advertised with a next-hop of 100.64.2.1.
* Local Router's Role:Since the output lists the advertised routes, it means that the local router (with router ID 172.16.1.254) is advertising the 10.20.30.40/24 network to its neighbor 100.64.2.254.
This confirms that the local router is indeed advertising the specified network to its BGP neighbor.
References:
* Fortinet Documentation: Understanding BGP Route Advertisements(Fortinet Document Library)(Fortinet Docs).
NEW QUESTION # 31
Which of the following regarding protocol states is true?
- A. proto_state=00 indicates that UDP traffic flows in both directions.
- B. proto_state-01 indicates an established TCP session.
- C. proto state=01 indicates one-way ICMP traffic.
- D. proto_state=10 indicates an established TCP session.
Answer: D
Explanation:
* Understanding protocol states:
* proto_state=00: Indicates no traffic or a closed session.
* proto_state=01: Typically indicates one-way ICMP traffic or a partially established TCP session.
* proto_state=10: Indicates an established TCP session, where the session has completed the three-way handshake and both sides can send and receive data.
* proto_state=11: Often indicates a fully established and active bidirectional session.
* Explanation of correct answer:
* proto_state=10is the correct indication for an established TCP session as it signifies that the session is fully established and active.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* Fortinet Firewall Protocol State Documentation
NEW QUESTION # 32
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which shows partial outputs from two routing debug commands.
Why is the port 2 default route not in the second command output?
- A. The port1 default route has a higher priority value than the default route using port2.
- B. The port1default route has a lower priority value than the default route using port2.
- C. The port2 interlace is disabled in the FortiGate configuration.
- D. The port1 default route has a lower distance than the default route using port2-
Answer: D
Explanation:
* Routing Table Analysis:
* The first command output (get router info routing-table database) shows two default routes:
* One viaport1with a distance of10.
* One viaport2with a distance of20.
* The second command output (get router info routing-table all) only shows the route viaport1.
* Administrative Distance:
* The administrative distance (AD) is a measure used by routers to select the best path when there are multiple routes to the same destination. The lower the distance, the more preferred the route.
* In this scenario, the route viaport1has a lower distance (10) compared to the route viaport2(20), making it the preferred route.
* Route Selection:
* Since the route viaport1has a lower distance, it is the only one installed in the active routing table, which is why it appears in the second command output, and theport2route does not.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Routing behavior depending on distance and priority(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet GURU: Route priority and administrative distance explanations(Fortinet GURU).
NEW QUESTION # 33
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of diagnose syssessionlist.
If the HA ID for the primary device is0. what happens if the primary failsand the secondary becomes the primary?
- A. The session will be removed from the session table of the secondary device because of the presence of allowed errorpackets, which will force the client to restart the session with the server.
- B. Traffic for this session continues to be permitted on the new primary device after failover. without requiring the client to restart the session with the server.
- C. The session state is preserved but the kernel will need to re-evaluate the session because NAT was applied.
- D. The secondary device has this session synchronized; however, because application control is applied, the session is marked dirty and has to be re-evaluated after failover.
Answer: B
Explanation:
* Session Synchronization:
* FortiGate HA (High Availability) ensures that active sessions are synchronized between the primary and secondary devices. This synchronization allows for seamless failover and continuity of sessions.
* Handling NAT Sessions:
* The session in the exhibit has NAT applied, as indicated by thehook=post dir=org act=snatentry.
FortiGate's HA setup is designed to handle such sessions, ensuring that traffic continues without interruption during failover.
* Session Preservation:
* Even with the presence of NAT, the session state is preserved across the HA devices. This means that ongoing sessions do not require re-establishment by the client, thus providing a seamless experience.
References:
* Fortinet Documentation: HA session synchronization and failover
* Fortinet Community: Understanding session synchronization in FortiGate HA
NEW QUESTION # 34
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of a BGP debug command.
Which statement explains why the state of the 10.200.3.1 peer is Connect?
- A. The local router is receiving BGP keepalives from the remote peer, but the local peer has not received the OpenConf inn yet.
- B. The local router initiated the BGP session to 10.200.3.1 but did not receive a response.
- C. The local router has a different AS number than the remote peer.
- D. The router 10.200.3.1 has authentication configured for BGP and the local router does not.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The BGP summary output shows the state of the 10.200.3.1 peer as "Connect." This state indicates that the local router has attempted to initiate a BGP session with the peer, but the peer has not yet responded to the initial connection request.
* State Explanation: The "Connect" state in BGP indicates that the TCP connection has been initiated but
* is waiting for a response. If the peer does not respond within the configured timers, the session will transition to the "Active" state and retry the connection.
* Possible Causes: This can occur due to network issues preventing the peer from responding, a misconfiguration on the peer device, or issues like access control lists (ACLs) blocking the BGP traffic.
To troubleshoot, check the connectivity between the routers, ensure that the BGP configurations on both sides match, and verify that there are no firewalls or ACLs blocking the BGP packets.
References
* Fortinet Documentation on BGP Troubleshooting
* Fortinet Community Discussion on BGP State Issues
NEW QUESTION # 35
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the omitted output of a real-time OSPF debug
Which statement is false?
- A. A password has been configured on the local OSPF router but is not shown in the output
- B. The two FortiGate devices attempting adjacency are in area 0.0.0.0.
- C. One FortiGate device is configured to require authentication, while the other is not
- D. The Hello packet is being sent from an OSPF router with ID 0.0.0.112.
Answer: A
Explanation:
* Examine the OSPF debug output:
* The OSPF Hello packet debug output shows the Router ID as0.0.0.112.
* It shows that the OSPF packet is being sent from0.0.0.112viaport2:192.168.37.114.
* The OSPF Hello packet contains information such as the network mask (255.255.255.0), hello interval (10), router priority (1), dead interval (40), and designated router (192.168.37.114) and backup designated router (192.168.37.115).
* Check the area configuration:
* The area ID is shown as0.0.0.0, indicating that the two devices attempting adjacency are in area
0.0.0.0.
* Authentication mismatch:
* The debug output indicates an "Authentication type mismatch". This means one device is configured to require authentication while the other is not.
* Password configuration:
* The statement claiming that "A password has been configured on the local OSPF router but is not shown in the output" is false because the output indicates an authentication mismatch, not the presence or absence of a password. The other statements are true based on the provided debug output.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* OSPF Configuration Guides
NEW QUESTION # 36
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of diagnose syssessionstat. Which statement about the output shown in the exhibit is correct?
- A. There are two sessions that have not been removed in case of any out-of-order packets that arrive.
- B. 162 sessions have been deleted because of memory page exhaustion.
- C. There are 166 TCP sessions waiting to complete the three-way handshake.
- D. AII the sessions in the session table are TCP sessions.
Answer: C
Explanation:
* Session Table Overview:
* The session table in FortiOS tracks all active and pending sessions. It includes details like the type of session (TCP, UDP, etc.), status, and statistics.
* Interpreting the Exhibit:
* The exhibit from thediagnose sys session statcommand shows detailed session statistics.
* The specific value indicating "166 TCP sessions waiting to complete the three-way handshake" reflects the number of sessions that have initiatedbut not yet completed the TCP three-way handshake process (SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK).
References:
* Fortinet Documentation: Understanding and troubleshooting session tables(Hammertux).
* Fortinet Community: Explanation of session states and statistics(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Hammertux).
NEW QUESTION # 37
Which two conditions would prevent a static route from being added to the routing table? (Choose two.)
- A. There is another other route to the same destination, with a lower distance.
- B. The route has a lower priority value than another route to the same destination.
- C. The interface specified in the route configuration is down
- D. The next-hop IP address is unreachable.
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
* Next-hop IP address:
* For a static route to be added to the routing table, the next-hop IP address must be reachable. If it is not reachable, the route cannot be considered valid and will not be added.
* Interface status:
* If the interface specified in the static route configuration is down, the route will not be added to the routing table. The interface must be up and operational for the route to be valid.
* Priority and Distance:
* While priority and administrative distance affect route selection, they do not prevent a route from being added to the routing table. Instead, they influence which route is preferred when multiple routes to the same destination exist.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* Routing Configuration and Troubleshooting Guides
NEW QUESTION # 38
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the omitted output of FortiOS kernel slabs.
Which statement is true?
- A. The total slab size of the ip6_session slab is 1300 kB and is associated with the kernel.
- B. The total slab size of the sctp_session slab is 0 kB and is associated with the user space
- C. The total slab size of the tcp_sessior. slab Is 7500 kB and is associated with the kernel.
- D. The total slab size of the ip_session slab is 3600 kB and is associated with the user space.
Answer: A
Explanation:
* Kernel Slabs Overview:
* The slab allocator in the Linux kernel is used for efficient memory management. It groups objects of the same type into caches, which are divided into slabs.
* Each slab contains multiple objects and helps to minimize fragmentation and enhance memory allocation efficiency.
* Interpreting the Exhibit:
* The exhibit shows output related to various kernel slab caches.
* The line forip6_sessionindicates that there are 1300 kB allocated for this slab, which means the total memory size allocated for IPv6 session objects in the kernel is 1300 kB.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Explanation of kernel slab allocation and usage(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Hammertux).
* Linux Kernel Documentation: Slab Allocator details(Hammertux).
NEW QUESTION # 39
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